Introduction:With the deepening of the "Dual Carbon" strategy, cellulosic ethanol, as a core direction of second-generation bio-liquid fuels, has regained focus in the energy and chemical industry due to its significant potential in emissions reduction, avoiding competition with food supplies, and waste resource utilization. Through over a decade of technological accumulation and engineering demonstration, China has achieved a series of breakthroughs in core technologies, equipment, and industrial demonstration, moving from the "technology verification" stage to the critical "pre-commercialization" phase.

As the "green hydrogen-to-ammonia (H2A) - green ammonia-to-hydrogen (A2H)" cycle model proposed in the paper "Research Progress and Prospects of Hydrogen-Ammonia Green Cycle" published in the journal "Chemical Industry Progress" continues to be implemented, China's hydrogen-ammonia green energy industry is experiencing explosive growth. Recently, a series of major developments have emerged one after another: Goldwind Science & Technology plans to invest approximately 18.92 billion yuan in a wind power-to-hydrogen, ammonia and methanol project, the first phase of Envision's Chifeng 1.52 million-ton green ammonia project has been put into production, and Jidian Co., Ltd.'s Da'an green ammonia project has set four global records. These milestones mark that this emerging track, which can solve the problem of hydrogen storage and transportation and promote the decarbonization of traditional industries, has moved from the laboratory to large-scale commercial operation.

The efficient and environmentally sound treatment of oily sludge is a critical challenge for the petroleum industry's green transformation. This article systematically reviews the principles and characteristics of mainstream treatment methods, from traditional landfilling and incineration to modern biological and pyrolysis technologies, aiming to provide a clear reference for technology selection within the industry.

Oilfield sludge is a complex hazardous waste containing petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and chemicals. Traditional methods like landfill and incineration have drawbacks such as land occupation, resource waste, or secondary pollution (e.g., dioxins), failing to meet increasingly stringent environmental standards. Consequently, developing a technology capable of "volume reduction, harmless treatment, and resource recovery" for sludge is urgently needed. Thermal desorption technology has emerged as a key solution to this industry challenge due to its unique advantages.

Against the backdrop of global climate change, China is actively seeking ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in order to achieve the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon compliance. In this context, the application of H2/coal based reduction technology in the field of refractory mineral processing and smelting is leading a new technological revolution.

In the context of carbon reduction and emission reduction, the new process of electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking based on direct hydrogen reduction is an important potential method for the green and sustainable development of the steel industry. Within an electric furnace for the hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron, after hydrogen-based directly reduced iron (HDRI) is produced through a shaft furnace, HDRI is melted or smelted in an EAF to form final products such as high-purity iron or high-end special steel. As smelting proceeds in the electric furnace, it is easy for pieces of HDRI to bond to each other and become larger pieces; they may even form an “iceberg”, and this phenomenon may then worsen the smelting working conditions. Therefore, the melting of HDRI is the key to affecting the smelting cycle and energy consumption of EAFs.

It has been found through practice that the finished ore produced by the grate machine rotary kiln process has the characteristics of uniform quality, good metallurgical properties, more usable fuels, and strong adaptability to raw materials. This article introduces what equipment should be equipped with this production line equipment.

The results show that the optimal drying, preheating, and roasting temperatures of limonite pellets are 200 °C, 700 °C, and 1250 °C, respectively, and the optimal roasting time is 20 min, when the diameter of the pellets is 8–13 mm. The compressive strength of limonite pellets with the addition of 1.5% bentonite was the highest, meeting the demands of a general blast furnace, based on which the iron grade of limonite pellet ore was increased by 10.63%.

In this experiment, a pellet preparation method was investigated to study the drying, preheating, and roasting properties of limonitic iron ore from a plant in Yunnan. The aim was to improve the subsequent iron-making process of limonitic iron ore and make it a substitute for sintered ore. This substitution would reduce the amount of blast furnace slag in the iron-making process. Bentonite is commonly used as a primary binder in many pelletizing plant operations. However, its excessive usage leads to a higher risk of slagging and coking in the furnace.

First, amine-based post-combustion capture with a 95% capture rate was considered as the benchmark, as it is currently commercially available. A second, novel configuration integrated the Midrex process with pressurized chemical looping—direct reduced iron (PCL-DRI) production. The amine capture configuration is most sensitive to the cost of steam generation, while PCL-DRI is more sensitive to the cost of electricity and the makeup oxygen carrier. An iron-based natural ore is recommended for PCL-DRI due to the low cost and availability. Based on the lower costs compared to amine-based post-combustion capture, PCL-DRI is an attractive means of eliminating CO2 emissions from DRI production.